Kerala's High Voter Turnout: Why the State Consistently Outperforms National Average

• Kerala consistently records voter turnout significantly higher than the national average, often between 70% and 80%.
• Factors include a highly literate and politically aware electorate, strong grassroots mobilization by political parties, and a bipolar political contest between LDF and UDF.
• The state's social development model, marked by high literacy and inclusivity, fosters a culture where voting is seen as a civic responsibility.
• Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan broke a long-standing trend by leading LDF to a consecutive victory in 2021, and faces anti-incumbency in the upcoming election.
• Voting is a collective social norm in Kerala, with families and communities treating polling day as an important civic occasion.