Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft Debate: Rafale, Atmanirbharta, and IAF's Future

• The Indian Air Force's Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) program is back in focus, with the Ministry of Defence nearing a decision, likely favoring Rafale.
• The MRFA aims to induct 114 medium multi-role fighters to address the IAF's declining squadron strength, currently at 29 against an authorized 42.
• Concerns exist that the MRFA program, expected to cost several lakh crores, could hinder India's 'atmanirbharta' (self-reliance) and indigenous fighter ambitions.
• Rafale is a frontrunner due to existing IAF infrastructure (training, weapons, logistics) from the 2016 deal for 36 jets, promising faster induction and lower life-cycle costs.
• While most MRFA aircraft will be built in India, critics question true self-reliance without design ownership; supporters cite contractual safeguards and the need to bridge a capability gap until indigenous fighters mature in the mid-2030s.

Why It Matters: The MRFA program balances immediate IAF capability needs with long-term 'atmanirbharta' goals, with Rafale as a likely choice.