Tobacco: India's Hidden Epidemic Driving Head and Neck Cancers

• Head and neck cancers are a major burden in India, largely driven by tobacco use, accounting for nearly one-third of all cancers in Indian men.
• A disturbing majority (66-80%) of head and neck cancer patients in India are diagnosed at advanced stages (III or IV), leading to complex, expensive treatment and poor survival.
• Tobacco smoke and smokeless products (gutkha, khaini, pan masala) contain potent carcinogens that directly damage DNA, causing these cancers; smokeless tobacco is particularly prevalent in India.
• Alcohol acts as a co-carcinogen, significantly multiplying cancer risk when combined with tobacco; Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is also an evolving contributor.
• Despite being visible, delayed diagnosis is common due to ignored early signs, social stigma, fear, and limited access to specialist care, highlighting systemic failures.

Why It Matters: Tobacco is the primary cause of head and neck cancers in India, demanding urgent prevention and early detection.