Gurgaon HFT Graviton's Rs 1.6 lakh cr dominance in India's 2025 intraday market.

• Graviton Research, a Gurgaon-based high-frequency trading (HFT) firm, dominated India's intraday cash market in 2025.
• The firm executed 1,900 intraday trades valued at Rs 1.6 lakh crore, accounting for 24% of the total bulk deal value on NSE.
• Graviton primarily focused on mid- and small-cap stocks, contributing to market liquidity but also increasing volatility.
• It achieved over 90% profitability in large trades (above Rs 100 crore), though with thin profit margins from these specific transactions.
• The firm, founded by IIT alumni, faced scrutiny from Income Tax and SEBI, but no formal investigation has been launched by SEBI.

Why It Matters: High-frequency trading firm's rise impacts market fairness and retail investors.