LPG Crisis: How Cooking Gas is Made, Where India Produces It Amid Rationing Order

• India has 399.7 million LPG consumers, but only 40% of demand is met by domestic production, leading to high import reliance.
• Current 'gas rationing' is due to import disruptions from Gulf countries, stemming from the US-Iran conflict.
• LPG is a 'co-product' from crude oil refining (separating propane and butane) or extracted from natural gas.
• It's liquefied under high pressure for efficient storage; ethyl mercaptan is added for its distinct smell for safety.
• Major Indian production sites include Reliance Jamnagar, Indian Oil Koyali, Nayara Vadinar, Bharat Petroleum Kochi, MRPL Mangalore, and GAIL's natural gas plants.