India's 2025 Foreign Policy: Trump, Tariffs, and Turbulent Neighbors

• 2025 saw India's foreign policy challenged by Donald Trump's return, US tariffs, and regional instability.
• US imposed up to 50% tariffs on Indian goods and restricted H-1B visas, straining ties.
• India-Pakistan conflict (Operation Sindoor) followed Pahalgam terror attack; Saudi-Pakistan pact deepened regional concerns.
• Neighborhood relations deteriorated with Nepal protests and anti-India violence in Bangladesh.
• India recalibrated ties with China (cautious thaw) and Russia (resilient) amid global shifts, showing diplomatic gains with Canada and Taliban.

Why It Matters: 2025 tested India's foreign policy resolve, forcing a multi-aligned, assertive approach amid global and regional turbulence.