India's Underwater Nuclear Might: K-4 Missile Test Boosts Sea Triad Capability

• DRDO successfully tested the nuclear-capable K-4 ballistic missile from submarine INS Arighaat on December 23, advancing India's sea-based nuclear triad.
• This test brings India closer to achieving a full nuclear triad, enabling missile launches from land, air, and underwater platforms.
• India is set to commission INS Aridhaman by 2026 and acquire Akula-class SSNs from Russia, alongside developing indigenous SSNs, significantly boosting naval power.
• Chinese naval and research vessel activities in the Indian Ocean, coupled with military aid to Pakistan, pose strategic challenges for India.
• Sea-based nuclear deterrence, through SSBNs and SSNs, is crucial for India's national security, providing survivability and second-strike capability.

Why It Matters: India's successful K-4 missile test and submarine development solidify its sea-based nuclear deterrence.