Beyond Washington Consensus: Technology and Geopolitics Drive 21st Century, Not Ideology

• The 21st century is shaped by technology and geopolitics, moving beyond the ideological frameworks like the Washington Consensus that guided the late 20th century.
• Universal economic models are fading, replaced by pragmatic, post-ideological policies tailored to local contexts, institutional capacities, and historical trajectories.
• Geopolitical rivalry has re-emerged as a central force, with economic policy now evaluated for resilience, security, and technological sovereignty, not just efficiency.
• Critical infrastructure and foundational technologies like semiconductors, submarine cables, and satellite systems are now central to national strategy and geopolitical power.
• The rapid convergence of commercial innovation and strategic capability in AI, quantum tech, and space systems introduces new systemic risks due to evolving tech and fragmented governance.