Bladder Carcinoma: Symptoms, Risks, Treatment Explained

• Bladder carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the bladder's urothelium, often affecting older adults and linked to environmental exposures.
• Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor, responsible for nearly half of cases; exposure to industrial chemicals and aromatic amines also increases risk.
• Hallmark symptoms include painless bleeding in the urine, increased frequency of urination, urgency, and nocturia.
• Diagnosis involves urine analysis, imaging techniques, and a thorough medical examination.
• Treatment options include systemic therapies and immunotherapy, with a multidisciplinary approach improving survival and prognosis.

Why It Matters: Understanding bladder cancer risks and symptoms can save lives.