Countries Where Interpol Doesn’t Work: Criminal Safe Havens

• Interpol issues notices for fugitives but doesn't make arrests; its Red Notices lack official effect in non-member countries.
• North Korea and Tuvalu are key non-member countries where Interpol's Red Notices have no official impact, potentially serving as safe havens for criminals.
• Other small or partially recognized states like Palau, Micronesia, Vanuatu, Taiwan, Kosovo, and Palestine also have limited Interpol access.
• Even without extradition treaties, Interpol member countries such as Russia, China, Iran, Cuba, and Venezuela can still act on Red Notices.
• India has extradition treaties with 50 countries and arrangements with 11, but many lack formal agreements, creating "treaty gaps" exploited by criminals.

Why It Matters: Some nations provide refuge for criminals, limiting Interpol's global reach.